Continuity

Task 5-

Continuity editing is the most popular form of editing, developed by early european and american directors such as D.W.Griffiths. Continuity editing is a classic editing style that ensures everything in the films are perfect, In continuity editing techniques that are used are 180 degree rule, match on action, shot, shot reverse and eye-line match. Continuity editing is also the sense of something being realistic and the feeling as though time is moving forward, this does not mean that they cannot use flashbacks or flash forwards as long as it seems to be progressing in a realistic way.

180 degree rule:

The 180 degree rule is when any two things in the same scene must always have the left/right relationship to each other this means that the camera should not cross the line of 180 degrees when filming a scene. A filmmaker may use the 180 degree rule as they may need to take the camera to a different position but would like the actors to be in the same places they originally would have been in.

Match on action:

Match on action is is linking two shots together, this is when the audience would see a character start and action in one shot and the camera would move to a different angle where the audience would see the character finish the action in the second shot. This ensures that the action appears to be one continuous movement when in fact it is two, to make the movement look more natural. A filmmaker would use this to change the position of a camera to show a person and then show what that person is doing.

Shot, reverse shot:

Shot, reverse shot is when again two shots are linked together, this is when the first shot reveals a character and another shot then reveals the other character. This connects two characters and makes the audience realise they are interacting with each other. A filmmaker may use this to link two people together and would use this to make the two separate shots look like one shot.

Eye-line match:

Eye-line match is a shot that link two shots together, it is when a character is in a shot looking off screen and in the second shot shows what the character is looking at. This allows the audience to experience an event in a film as a character would be experiencing. A filmmaker would use a eye-line shot to link a character with what they are looking at this would ensure there emotion is matched with what they are looking at.

If a film maker did not use these techniques then they would not be able to link up shots with each other and this would mean that the audience would not understand what was going on throughout the due course of the film.



Our film incorporates a number of these different techniques a it uses them to link the film together entirely. We used a eye-line shot to show the actress in a first shot and in the second shot what she was looking at, this was used in the beginning of the short film and linked the two different shots together. We used a match on action to show the other actress in the film and this linked two shots together where by the actress began to walk into the room and in the second shot continued this motion, the actress was told to stop when she was out of the shot and start the next shot from where the last shot finished.  In the film we used a shot, reverse shot to show the two actresses and this linked them both together so the audience would know that those two people were linked in some way, but we did not give all of the information away about what was going on throughout the video.

Montage

Task four-

Montage is the term that is used for a film that is made up of different sequences where by they control a certain time, place and information, the first person to use montage was Eisenstein and he then introduced this to cinema. Montage often contains different effects such as fades, dissolves and split screens .etc, this was one of the first ever forms of editing. Some existing montages that have been produced are very famous, these are famous clips such as the rocky training montage and the karate kid montage. This technique is used in many different kinds of film these are,

• Soviet montage
• Hollywood montage
• French montage

Soviet montage always relied largely on editing and even though soviet filmmakers did not use editing it was then widely used after Eisenstein found this out that montage was possible to use and incorporate in film making. Montage developed soviet cinema massively as some filmmakers found that this was able to be used to create a story in there film and to make a film easier to develop even if the film was not produced in the way that the filmmaker would have imagined that it would have been. Soviet montage then began to develop other forms of cinema such as Hollywood cinema.

French film practice, 'montage' has its literal french meaning and simply identifies editing in a french term.

Hollywood montage is a sequence of shots that have been cut into short clips that looks like the film was meant to be developed throughout a longer period of time. It is important that in a hollywood montage it is shot in this certain way.



- Lev Kuleshev
- Sergei Eisenstein

Lev Kuleshev

Lev Kuleshev was one of the first film directors to come up with a montage film by putting the two different shots together, he believed that film making with like developing a building brick by brick. He also believed that building a wall is by layering brick on top of one another and making a film was by layering many different shots together. He developed an experiment to prove this theory. He used a head shot of an old Russian actress and he then put lots of different shots over the top of this image, he then would show this to an audience where they began to develop their own meanings of what was happening. Kuleshev was awarded for his findings and then summarized with the meaning that two shots places onto one another would create a clip and the audience would make up their own minds about what was happening in this film.

Sergei Eisenstein

Sergei Eisenstein had realized that if you were to put two unrelated shots together it would develop a link between the two shots. He was briefly a student of Kuleshev's, but the two then parted ways after they had different ideas about montage. This film is about the strike that happened in russia and shows how the people were treated if they joined the strike. There are two shots that cut through from the strike to the cow being slaughtered, the strikers are being shown as being treated like animals and they use the cow in the pervious shot shown to demonstrate that the workers are being treated like animals. The cow getting slaughtered in this clip also demonstrates how the workers were killed by the stronger people in their society.



Soviet montage



This montage was successful as we made the film to be like a traditional soviet montage, this clip contains short scenes where something is happening between two people and then quickly cuts to something that is associated with what one of the people is feeling that are in the clip. There are some issues as some of the pictures does not necessarily match up with the way that the people in the film are reacting.

Hollywood montage

This video is a classic example of a Hollywood montage, this was a successful video as it demonstrated the different ways of editing that are involved in a montage film. This is a Hollywood montage as it displays a day long situation and cut it into a small clip, it demonstrates this as it shows these smaller clips as one film. In this video there are some things that could be improved such as the way it was edited as it could have been a bit more precise and their are some glitches as the editing when entering the classroom does not necessarily match up.